I-alloy material eyenziwe ngenhlanganisela eqinile yensimbi ephikisayo kanye nensimbi yokuhlanganisa ngenqubo ye-powder metallurgy. I-carbide enosimende inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla amahle nokuqina, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka, okuhlala kungashintshile ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingu-500 ° C, kusenayo. ubulukhuni obuphezulu ku-1000 ℃. I-Carbide isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zamathuluzi, njengamathuluzi okuguqula, abasiki bokugaya, amapulani, izinsimbi, amathuluzi ayisicefe, njll., ukusika insimbi, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, amapulasitiki, imicu yamakhemikhali, igraphite, ingilazi, itshe nensimbi evamile, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezisetshenziswa emshinini onzima njengensimbi engashisi, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi yamathuluzi, njll.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbide enosimende
(1) Izinto zamathuluzi
I-Carbide iyinani elikhulu kunawo wonke lempahla yamathuluzi, engasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi okuguqula, abasiki bokugaya, amapulani, ama-drill, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-tungsten-cobalt carbide ilungele ukucutshungulwa kwe-chip emfushane yezinsimbi ezisansimbi nezingezona ezoni kanye nokucutshungulwa izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, njenge-cast iron, i-cast cast, i-bakelite, njll.; I-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide ilungele ukucutshungulwa kwesikhathi eside kwezinsimbi ezinsimbi njengensimbi. Umshini we-chip. Phakathi kwama-alloys afanayo, lawo anokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt ngaphezulu afanele umshini onzima, futhi lawo ane-cobalt encane afanele ukuqedwa. Ama-carbide anosimende anenjongo evamile anempilo ende yokwenza imishini kunamanye ama-carbide anosimende wezinto okunzima ukuzisebenzisa umshini njengensimbi engagqwali.
(2) Isikhunta
I-carbide enosimende isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufa okubandayo okufana nokudweba okubandayo, ukufa okubandayo, ukufa okubandayo, kanye nokufa okubandayo.
Ikhanda elibandayo le-Carbide liyafa liyadingeka ukuze libe nokuqina okuhle komthelela, ukuqina kokuphuka, amandla okukhathala, amandla okugoba nokumelana nokuguga okuhle ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezingagugi zomthelela noma umthelela onamandla. I-cobalt ephakathi nendawo ephezulu kanye namabanga aphakathi nendawo namahhadlahhadla asetshenziswayo, njenge-YG15C.
Ngokuvamile, ubudlelwano phakathi kokumelana nokugqokwa kanye nokuqina kwe-carbide enosimende buyaphikisana: ukwanda kokumelana nokugqokwa kuzoholela ekwehleni kokuqina, futhi ukwanda kokuqina kuzoholela nakanjani ekwehleni kokumelana nokugqokwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha amamaki e-alloy, kuyadingeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusetshenziswa ngokusho kwento yokucubungula kanye nezimo zokusebenza zokucubungula.
Uma ibanga elikhethiwe lijwayele ukuqhekeka kanye nokulimala ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ibanga elinokuqina okuphezulu kufanele likhethwe; uma ibanga elikhethiwe lijwayele ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokulimala ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ibanga elinobunzima obuphakeme kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okungcono kufanele kukhethwe. . Amabanga alandelayo: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ubulukhuni buyancipha, ukumelana nokugqoka kuncipha, futhi ukuqina kuyanda; kunalokho, okuphambene kuyiqiniso.
(3) Amathuluzi okulinganisa nezingxenye ezingagugi
I-Carbide isetshenziselwa izinto ezifakwayo ezikwazi ukumelana nokuguga kanye nezingxenye zamathuluzi okulinganisa, amabhodi okugaya anembayo, amapuleti aqondisayo nezinduku eziqondisayo zamagayi angenamaphakathi, amalaphu angaphezulu nezinye izingxenye ezingagugi.
Izinsimbi ezihlanganisayo ngokuvamile ziyizinsimbi zeqembu lensimbi, ngokuvamile i-cobalt ne-nickel.
Lapho kukhiqizwa i-carbide enosimende, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zempushana eluhlaza ekhethiwe uphakathi kwama-microns angu-1 no-2, futhi ubumsulwa buphezulu kakhulu. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlanganiswa ngokwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe sokubunjwa, futhi utshwala noma enye imidiya yengezwa ekugayeni okumanzi emshinini webhola omanzi ukuze kuxutshwe ngokugcwele futhi kugaywe. Hlunga ingxube. Khona-ke, ingxube igayiwe, icindezelwe, futhi ishiswe ekushiseni okuseduze nendawo yokuncibilika yensimbi yokubopha (1300-1500 ° C), isigaba esiqinile kanye nensimbi yokuhlanganisa izokwakha i-eutectic alloy. Ngemuva kokupholisa, izigaba eziqinile zisakazwa kugridi eyakhiwe ngensimbi yokubopha futhi ixhunywe eduze komunye nomunye ukuze yenze yonke into eqinile. Ukuqina kwe-carbide enosimende kuncike engqikithini yesigaba esiqinile kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu, okungukuthi, ukuphakama kwesigaba esiqinile kanye nokucoleka kwezinhlamvu, ukuqina okukhulu. Ukuqina kwe-carbide enosimende kunqunywa insimbi yokuhlanganisa. Ukuphakama kwensimbi ye-binder, kuyanda amandla e-flexural.
Ngo-1923, u-Schlerter waseJalimane wengeza i-cobalt engu-10% kuya ku-20% ku-tungsten carbide powder njenge-binder, futhi wasungula i-alloy entsha ye-tungsten carbide ne-cobalt. Ukuqina kungokwesibili ngemuva kwedayimane. I-carbide yokuqala eyenziwe ngosimende. Lapho usika insimbi ngethuluzi elenziwe ngale alloy, unqenqema lokusika luzoguga ngokushesha, futhi ngisho nomkhawulo wokusika uzoqhekeka. Ngo-1929, u-Schwarzkov e-United States wanezela inani elithile le-tungsten carbide ne-titanium carbide compound carbides ekubunjweni kokuqala, okwathuthukisa ukusebenza kwethuluzi ekunqumeni insimbi. Lena enye impumelelo emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-carbide esimende.
I-carbide enosimende inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla amahle nokuqina, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka, okuhlala kungashintshile ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingu-500 ° C, kusenayo. ubulukhuni obuphezulu ku-1000 ℃. I-Carbide isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zamathuluzi, njengamathuluzi okuguqula, abasiki bokugaya, amapulani, izinsimbi, amathuluzi ayisicefe, njll., ukusika insimbi, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, amapulasitiki, imicu yamakhemikhali, igraphite, ingilazi, itshe nensimbi evamile, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezisetshenziswa emshinini onzima njengensimbi engashisi, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi yamathuluzi, njll.
I-Carbide ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukwenza amathuluzi okumba amatshe, amathuluzi okumba, amathuluzi okumba, amathuluzi okulinganisa, izingxenye ezingagugi, ama-abrasives ensimbi, ama-cylinder liners, ama-precision bearings, imibhobho, isikhunta sensimbi (njengokudweba kwezintambo kuyafa, ibhawodi liyafa, amantongomane ayafa. , kanye nokubunjwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-fastener, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-carbide enosimende kancane kancane kwashintsha isikhunta sensimbi yangaphambilini).
Kamuva, kwaphuma i-carbide eboshwe ngosimende. Ngo-1969, iSweden yathuthukisa ngempumelelo ithuluzi elihlanganiswe ne-titanium carbide. Isisekelo sethuluzi yi-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide noma i-tungsten-cobalt carbide. Ubukhulu be-titanium carbide coating ebusweni bungama-microns ambalwa kuphela, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo olufanayo lwamathuluzi e-alloy, Ukuphila kwesevisi kunwetshwa izikhathi ezi-3, futhi ijubane lokusika lenyuka ngo-25% kuya ku-50%. Ngawo-1970, kwavela isizukulwane sesine samathuluzi ahlanganisiwe wokusika izinto okunzima ukuya emshinini.
I-carbide enosimende igaywa kanjani?
I-Cemented carbide iyinsimbi eyenziwe nge-powder metallurgy ye-carbides nezinsimbi ezihlanganisayo zensimbi eyodwa noma eziningi eziphikisayo.
Mamazwe akhiqizayo
Kunamazwe angaphezu kuka-50 emhlabeni akhiqiza i-carbide enosimende, enomphumela ophelele we-27,000-28,000t-. Abakhiqizi abakhulu yi-United States, Russia, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, France, njll. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-carbide enosimende igcwele. , ukuncintisana kwemakethe kushubile kakhulu. Imboni yaseChina ye-carbide eyakhiwe yaqala ukwakheka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kuya ko-1970, imboni ye-carbide yaseChina yathuthuka ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, inani lokukhiqiza laseChina le-carbide enosimende lafinyelela ku-6000t, kanti inani eliphelele le-carbide enosimende lafinyelela ku-5000t, okwesibili kuphela e-Russia nase-United States, lisendaweni yesithathu emhlabeni.
I-WC cutter
①I-tungsten ne-cobalt eyenziwe nge-carbide enosimende
Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-tungsten carbide (WC) ne-binder cobalt (Co).
Ibanga layo lakhiwe ngokuthi "YG" ("hard and cobalt" ngesi-Chinese Pinyin) kanye nephesenti lokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt okumaphakathi.
Isibonelo, i-YG8 isho isilinganiso se-WCo=8%, kanti enye i-tungsten-cobalt carbide ye-tungsten carbide.
Imimese ye-TIC
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide (TiC) ne-cobalt.
Ibanga layo lakhiwe nge-“YT” (“hard, titanium” izinhlamvu ezimbili kusiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin) kanye nokuqukethwe okumaphakathi kwe-titanium carbide.
Isibonelo, i-YT15 isho isilinganiso se-WTi=15%, kanti enye i-tungsten carbide ne-tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide enokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt.
Ithuluzi le-Tungsten Titanium Tantalum
③I-tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) i-carbide enosimende
Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide, i-tantalum carbide (noma i-niobium carbide) ne-cobalt. Lolu hlobo lwe-carbide enosimende lubizwa nangokuthi i-general cemented carbide noma i-universal cemented carbide.
Ibanga layo lakhiwe ngokuthi “YW” (isiqalo sefonetiki yesiShayina esithi “hard” kanye “no-wan”) kanye nenombolo yokulandelana, njenge-YW1.
Izici zokusebenza
I-Carbide Welded Insets
Ukuqina okuphezulu (86～93HRA, okulingana no-69～81HRC);
Ubulukhuni obuhle bokushisa (kufika ku-900～1000℃, gcina u-60HRC);
Ukumelana okuhle nokugwazwa.
Amathuluzi okusika i-Carbide ashesha izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-7 kunensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, futhi impilo yamathuluzi iphakeme izikhathi ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-80. Ukukhiqiza isikhunta namathuluzi wokulinganisa, impilo yesevisi iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-150 kunensimbi yensimbi ye-alloy. Ingakwazi ukusika izinto eziqinile ezingaba ngu-50HRC.
Kodwa-ke, i-carbide enosimende i-brittle futhi ayikwazi umshini, futhi kunzima ukwenza amathuluzi abalulekile anobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ama-blades of shapes ahlukene avame ukwenziwa, afakwe emzimbeni wamathuluzi noma umzimba wesikhunta nge-welding, i-bonding, i-clamping mechanical, njll.
Ibha emise okukhethekile
I-Sintering
Ukubunjwa kwe-cemented carbide sintering ukucindezela impushana ibe yi-billet, bese ufaka isithando somlilo ukuze sishise izinga lokushisa elithile (izinga lokushisa le-sintering), ligcine isikhathi esithile (ukubamba isikhathi), bese lipholisa phansi ukuze lithole usimende. impahla ye-carbide enezakhiwo ezidingekayo.
Inqubo ye-cemented carbide sintering ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine eziyisisekelo:
1: Esigabeni sokususa i-ejenti eyakhayo kanye ne-pre-sintering, umzimba we-sintered ushintsha kanje:
Ukususwa kwe-ejenti yokubumba, ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa esigabeni sokuqala sokuthungatha, i-ejenti yokubumba iyabola kancane kancane noma ihwamuke, futhi umzimba we-sintered awufakiwe. Uhlobo, inani kanye nenqubo ye-sintering ihlukile.
Ama-oxide ebusweni bempushana ayancishiswa. Ezingeni lokushisa elishisayo, i-hydrogen inganciphisa ama-oxide e-cobalt ne-tungsten. Uma i-ejenti yokwakha ikhishwa ku-vacuum futhi ifakwe i-sintered, ukusabela kwe-carbon-oxygen akunamandla. Ukucindezeleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-powder kuqedwa kancane kancane, i-powder yensimbi ebophezelayo iqala ukubuyisela futhi ihlaziye kabusha, i-surface diffusion iqala ukwenzeka, futhi amandla e-briquetting ayathuthukiswa.
2: Isiteji esiqinile se-sintering (800℃–izinga lokushisa eutectic)
Ezingeni lokushisa ngaphambi kokuvela kwesigaba se-liquid, ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nenqubo yesigaba sangaphambilini, ukusabela kwesigaba esiqinile nokusabalalisa kuyaqiniswa, ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kuyathuthukiswa, futhi umzimba we-sintered uyancipha kakhulu.
3: Isigaba se-Liquid sintering stage (izinga lokushisa le-eutectic - izinga lokushisa le-sintering)
Lapho isigaba se-liquid sibonakala emzimbeni we-sintered, ukuncipha kuqedwa ngokushesha, kulandelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-crystallographic ukwakha isakhiwo esiyisisekelo kanye nesakhiwo se-alloy.
4: Isiteji sokupholisa (izinga lokushisa le-sintering - izinga lokushisa legumbi)
Kulesi sigaba, ukwakheka kanye nokwakheka kwesigaba se-alloy kunezinguquko ezithile ezinezimo zokupholisa ezihlukene. Lesi sici singasetshenziselwa ukushisisa i-carbide enosimende ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo ezingokomzimba nezomshini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-11-2022
