Ngekota edlule, uMnyango Wezohwebo, ngokubambisana Nokuphathwa Okujwayelekile Kwempahla, ukhiphe isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe sokuvikela ukuvikeleka kwezwe kanye nezintshisakalo kuyilapho ufeza izibopho zamazwe ngamazwe zokungabhebhetheki. Ngemvume yoMkhandlu Wombuso, kuye kwabekwa izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ukuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ezintweni ezihlobene ne-tungsten, i-tellurium, i-bismuth, i-molybdenum, ne-indium. Ngokukhethekile, izinto ezilawulwayo ezihlobene ne-tungsten zifaka i-ammonium paratungstate, ama-tungsten oxides, ama-tungsten carbides athile angalawulwa, izinhlobo ezithile ze-tungsten eqinile (ngaphandle kwama-granules noma izimpushana), i-tungsten-nickel-iron ethize noma ama-tungsten-nickel-copper alloys, kanye nedatha nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ezintweni ezithile, 1C0 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Bonke opharetha abathumela lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo kumele bathobele uMthetho Wokulawula Ukuthekelisa we-People's Republic of China kanye neMithethonqubo Yokulawula Ukuthekelisa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabili, bafake izicelo futhi bathole izimvume zokuthekelisa kuziphathimandla zezohwebo zoMkhandlu Wombuso. Lesi simemezelo siqala ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi sibuyekeza Uhlu Lokulawula Ukuthunyelwa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabili lwe-People's Republic of China.
I. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Tungsten
- 1C117.d. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Tungsten:
- I-Ammonium paratungstate (HS Code: 2841801000);
- Ama-Tungsten oxides (Amakhodi we-HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Ama-Tungsten carbides awalawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. I-Solid Tungsten Enazo Zonke Lezi Zici Ezilandelayo:
- I-tungsten eqinile (ngaphandle kwama-granules noma izimpushana) nanoma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- I-Tungsten noma i-tungsten alloys enokuqukethwe kwe-tungsten ≥97% ngesisindo, engalawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1C226 noma i-1C241 (Amakhodi we-HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ama-alloys e-Tungsten-copper anokuqukethwe kwe-tungsten ≥80% ngesisindo (Amakhodi we-HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ama-alloys e-Tungsten-silver anokuqukethwe kwe-tungsten ≥80% nokuqukethwe kwesiliva ≥2% ngesisindo (HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Iyakwazi ukufakwa ngomshini kunoma yikuphi kokulandelayo:
- Amasilinda anobubanzi ≥120 mm nobude ≥50 mm;
- Amashubhu anobubanzi obungaphakathi ≥65 mm, ukujiya kodonga ≥25 mm, nobude ≥50 mm;
- Amabhuloki anobukhulu ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. I-Tungsten-Nickel-Iron noma i-Tungsten-Nickel-Copper Alloys Ezinazo Zonke Lezi Zimo Ezilandelayo:
- Ukuminyana >17.5 g/cm³;
- Amandla esivuno>800 MPa;
- Amandla okuqina aphezulu>1270 MPa;
- Ubude >8% (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Ubuchwepheshe Nedatha yokukhiqiza izinto ezingaphansi kuka-1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (okuhlanganisa imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, nezinhlelo zokwenza imishini).
II. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Tellurium
- 6C002.a. I-Metallic Tellurium (HS Code: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Imikhiqizo Eyodwa noma ye-Polycrystalline Tellurium Compound (kufaka phakathi ama-substrates noma ama-epitaxial wafers):
- I-Cadmium telluride (Amakhodi we-HS: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- I-Cadmium zinc telluride (Amakhodi we-HS: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- I-Mercury cadmium telluride (Amakhodi we-HS: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Ubuchwepheshe Nedatha yokukhiqiza izinto ezingaphansi kuka-6C002 (okuhlanganisa ukucaciswa kwenqubo, amapharamitha, nezinhlelo zokwenza imishini).
III. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Bismuth
- 6C001.a. I-Metallic Bismuth kanye Nemikhiqizo engalawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1C229, okuhlanganisa kodwa okungakhawulelwe kuma-ingots, amabhlogo, ubuhlalu, ama-granules, nezimpushana (HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 810610809090, 810610809090, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. I-Bismuth Germanate (HS Code: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. I-Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. I-Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Ubuchwepheshe Nedatha yokukhiqiza izinto ezingaphansi kuka-6C001 (okuhlanganisa ukucaciswa kwenqubo, amapharamitha, nezinhlelo zokwenza imishini).
IV. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. I-Molybdenum Powder: Izinhlayiya ze-Molybdenum ne-alloy ezinokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ≥97% ngesisindo nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-missile (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Ubuchwepheshe Nedatha yokukhiqiza izinto ezingaphansi kwe-1C117.b (okuhlanganisa imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, nezinhlelo zokwenza imishini).
V. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Indium
- 3C004.a. I-Indidium Phosphide (HS Code: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. I-Trimethylidium (HS Ikhodi: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. I-Triethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Ubuchwepheshe kanye nedatha yokukhiqiza izinto ezingaphansi kwe-3C004 (okubandakanya ukucaciswa kwenqubo, amapharamitha, nezinhlelo zokwenza imishini).
Izilawuli Zokuthunyelwa Kwe-Tungsten Akuzona Ukuvinjelwa Okuphelele
Ukulawulwa kokuthekelisa kwe-Tungsten akusho ukuvinjelwa kokuthekelisa okuphelele kodwa kuhilela izinyathelo zokuphatha ezilinganiselwe zezinto ezithile ezihlobene ne-tungsten. Abathumeli bangaphandle balezi zinto kufanele bafake izicelo zezimvume kuziphathimandla zezohwebo zoMkhandlu Wezwe ngokuhambisana noMthetho Wokulawula Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla kanye neMithethonqubo Yokulawula Ukuthekelisa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabili. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuvunyelwe kuphela ekuthotshelweni nasekuvunyelweni.
Umthelela Ongaba khona Emakethe Yasekhaya
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, ukuthunyelwa kwe-ammonium paratungstate (APT), i-tungsten trioxide, ne-akhawunti ye-tungsten carbide ngesabelo esiphawulekayo sengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten:
- Ukuthunyelwa kwe-APT ngo-2023 nango-2024 kwakucishe kube ngamathani angama-803 kanye namathani angama-782, ngokulandelana, ngakunye kulinganiselwa ku-4% wesamba esiphelele sokuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten.
- Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Tungsten trioxide kwamanye amazwe kwakungamathani angama-2,699 ngo-2023 kanye namathani angama-3,190 ngo-2024, kukhuphuka kusuka ku-14% kuya ku-17% wengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
- Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Tungsten carbide kwamanye amazwe kwakungamathani ayi-4,433 ngo-2023 kanye namathani angu-4,147 ngo-2024, igcina ingxenye engaba ngu-22%.
Ukuqaliswa kokulawula ukuthekelisa kwe-tungsten kuzobeka lezi zinto ekugadweni okuqinile nezinqubo zokugunyaza, okungenzeka kuthinte imisebenzi yabathumeli bangaphandle. Nokho, uma kubhekwa isabelo esilinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa salezi zinto ezilawulwayo enanini eliphelele le-tungsten ethunyelwa ngaphandle, umthelela usuwonke ekushintsheni kokudingayo kwemakethe yasekhaya ye-tungsten nokuthrenda kwamanani kulindeleke ukuthi kube kuncane. Le nqubomgomo ingase futhi ikhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi agxile ekusungulweni okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane kangcono nezidingo zezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukubaluleka Okubalulekile kwe-Tungsten
Indawo ephezulu yokuncibilika ye-Tungsten, ubulukhuni, ukusebenza kahle, nokumelana nokugqwala kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini zomhlaba. Ekukhiqizeni insimbi, i-tungsten ithuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka, esetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini nasekwakhiweni. Ku-elekthronikhi, iyimpahla eyinhloko yezingxenye, imikhondo yesekethe edidiyelwe, nemicu yendabuko. Emkhathini, ama-tungsten alloys abalulekile kuma-blade enjini namarokhethi, asekela ukuhlola indawo. Kwezempi, ama-tungsten alloys abalulekile kuma-projectiles okubhoboza izikhali, izingxenye zezikhali ezicitshwayo, kanye nezikhali, okuthinta ngqo amandla okuvikela kazwelonke. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-tungsten yasekhaya okuzinzile kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwezwe.
Imithelela Yesikhathi Esifushane Neside
Esikhathini esifushane, izilawuli zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe zizonciphisa ukunikezwa kwe-tungsten kwe-China ezimakethe zomhlaba, okungase kuphazamise izilinganiso ezihlala isikhathi eside zesidingo sokuhlinzeka futhi kunyuse amanani entengo ye-tungsten yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yesidingo esiqinile somfula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zilawuli zizogqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, kukhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele, nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ithonya laseShayina embonini ye-tungsten.
Izibalo ze-Global Tungsten
Ngokusho kwe-USGS, izinqolobane ze-tungsten emhlabeni wonke ngo-2023 zazicishe zibe yizigidi ezi-4.4 zamathani, zikhuphuke ngo-15.79% unyaka nonyaka, kanti i-China ibalwa ngama-52.27% (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.3). Ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten emhlabeni wonke bekungamathani angu-78,000, kwehle ngo-2.26%, kanti i-China inikele ngama-80.77% (amathani angu-63,000). Idatha yamasiko yaseShayina ibonisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-tungsten ores, i-tungstic acid, i-tungsten trioxide, i-tungsten carbides, nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-tungsten. Ngo-2024, i-China yathumela amathani angu-782.41 e-APT (phansi ngo-2.53%, u-4.06% wesamba sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), amathani angu-3,189.96 e-tungsten trioxide (ekhuphuke ngo-18.19%, u-16.55% wesamba sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), kanye namathani angu-4,146.76 we-tungsten angu-2% we-tungsten angu-2%. inani lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle).
I-CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO.,LTD ingabahlinzeki abaqeqeshiwe nabakhi bemikhiqizo ye-tungsten carbide, efana nemimese ye-carbide yokufaka umsebenzi wokhuni,imimese eyindilinga ye-carbide yokusika izinduku zesihlungi sikagwayi,imimese eyindilinga yokushunqiswa kwekhadibhodi enziwe ngothayela/i-razor blatted slitting ,itheyiphu,ukusika ifilimu ezacile,ama-fiber cutter blades embonini yendwangu njll.
Ngokuthuthuka kweminyaka engama-25, imikhiqizo yethu ithunyelwe e-US A, eRussia, eNingizimu Melika, e-India, eTurkey, ePakistan, e-Australia, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njll. Ngekhwalithi enhle kakhulu namanani okuncintisana, isimo sethu sengqondo sokusebenza kanzima nokusabela kugunyazwe amakhasimende ethu. Futhi singathanda ukusungula ubudlelwano obusha bebhizinisi namakhasimende amasha.
Xhumana nathi namuhla futhi uzojabulela izinzuzo zekhwalithi enhle kanye nezinsizakalo ezivela emikhiqizweni yethu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-04-2025
