Ikota edlule, uMnyango Wezohwebo, ngokubambisana ne-General Administration of Customs, ukhiphe isimemezelo esihlangene sokuvikela ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nezintshisekelo ngenkathi kufezwa imithwalo yemfanelo yamazwe ngamazwe yokungasabalalisi. Ngokuvunyelwa yi-State Council, kuye kwabekwa izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezintweni ezihlobene ne-tungsten, i-tellurium, i-bismuth, i-molybdenum, kanye ne-indium. Ngokukhethekile, izinto ezihlobene ne-tungsten ezilawulwayo zifaka phakathi i-ammonium paratungstate, ama-tungsten oxides, ama-tungsten carbides athile angalawulwayo, izinhlobo ezithile ze-tungsten eqinile (ngaphandle kwama-granules noma ama-powder), ama-alloy athile e-tungsten-nickel-iron noma i-tungsten-nickel-copper, kanye nedatha kanye nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ekukhiqizeni izinto ngaphansi kwamakhodi athile (1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Bonke abaqhubi abathumela lezi zinto kwamanye amazwe kumele bahambisane noMthetho Wokulawula Ukuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe weRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina kanye neMithethonqubo Yokulawulwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabili, bafake izicelo futhi bathole izimvume zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezikhulwini zezentengiselwano ezifanele zoMkhandlu Wezwe. Lesi simemezelo siqala ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi sibuyekeza Uhlu Lokulawula Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabili zeRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina.
I. Izinto Ezihlobene ne-Tungsten
- Izinto Ezihlobene ne-Tungsten 1C117.d:
- I-Ammonium paratungstate (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2841801000);
- Ama-oxide e-Tungsten (Amakhodi e-HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Ama-carbide e-tungsten awalawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1C226 (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. I-Tungsten Eqinile Enazo Zonke Izici Ezilandelayo:
- I-tungsten eqinile (ngaphandle kwama-granules noma ama-powder) nanoma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- Ama-alloy e-tungsten noma e-tungsten anokuqukethwe kwe-tungsten okungu-≥97% ngesisindo, angalawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1C226 noma i-1C241 (Amakhodi e-HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ama-alloy e-tungsten-copper anokuqukethwe kwe-tungsten okungu-≥80% ngesisindo (Amakhodi e-HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ama-alloy e-tungsten-silver anokuqukethwe kwe-tungsten okungu-≥80% kanye nokuqukethwe kwesiliva okungu-≥2% ngesisindo (Amakhodi e-HS: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Iyakwazi ukufakwa kunoma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- Amasilinda anobubanzi obungu-≥120 mm kanye nobude obungu-≥50 mm;
- Amapayipi anobubanzi bangaphakathi obungu-≥65 mm, ubukhulu bodonga obungu-≥25 mm, kanye nobude obungu-≥50 mm;
- Amabhulokhi anobukhulu obungu-≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Ama-alloy e-Tungsten-Nickel-Iron noma e-Tungsten-Nickel-Copper anazo zonke izici ezilandelayo:
- Ubuningi >17.5 g/cm³;
- Amandla okukhiqiza >800 MPa;
- Amandla okuqina aphezulu >1270 MPa;
- Ukwelulwa >8% (Amakhodi e-HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Ubuchwepheshe kanye neDatha yokukhiqiza izinto ngaphansi kwe-1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (kufaka phakathi imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, kanye nezinhlelo zomshini).
II. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Tellurium
- 6C002.a. I-Metallic Tellurium (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Imikhiqizo ye-Tellurium Compound eyodwa noma e-Polycrystalline (kufaka phakathi ama-substrate noma ama-wafer e-epitaxial):
- I-Cadmium telluride (Amakhodi e-HS: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- I-Cadmium zinc telluride (Amakhodi e-HS: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- I-Mercury cadmium telluride (Amakhodi e-HS: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Ubuchwepheshe kanye neDatha yokukhiqiza izinto ngaphansi kwe-6C002 (kufaka phakathi imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, kanye nezinhlelo zomshini).
III. Izinto Ezihlobene Ne-Bismuth
- 6C001.a. I-Metallic Bismuth kanye neMikhiqizo ayilawulwa ngaphansi kwe-1C229, kufaka phakathi kodwa kungagcini ngama-ingots, amabhlogo, ubuhlalu, ama-granules, kanye nama-powder (Amakhodi e-HS: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106901019, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. I-Bismuth Germanate (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. I-Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. I-Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Ubuchwepheshe kanye neDatha yokukhiqiza izinto ngaphansi kwe-6C001 (kufaka phakathi imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, kanye nezinhlelo zomshini).
IV. Izinto Ezihlobene ne-Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Impuphu ye-Molybdenum: Izinhlayiya ze-Molybdenum kanye ne-alloy ezinokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ≥97% ngesisindo kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-missile (Ikhodi ye-HS: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Ubuchwepheshe kanye nedatha yokukhiqiza izinto ngaphansi kwe-1C117.b (kufaka phakathi imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, kanye nezinhlelo zomshini).
Izinto Ezihlobene ne-Indium
- 3C004.a. I-Indium Phosphide (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. I-Trimethylindium (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. I-Triethylindium (Ikhodi ye-HS: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Ubuchwepheshe kanye neDatha yokukhiqiza izinto ngaphansi kwe-3C004 (kufaka phakathi imininingwane yenqubo, amapharamitha, kanye nezinhlelo zomshini).
Ukulawulwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwe-Tungsten Akuyona Isithiyo Esiphelele
Ukulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten akusho ukuthi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kodwa kuhilela izinyathelo zokuphatha ezijwayelekile zezinto ezithile ezihlobene ne-tungsten. Abathumeli balezi zinto kumele bafake izicelo zezimvume ezivela kuziphathimandla zezentengiselwano ezifanele zoMkhandlu Kahulumeni ngokuhambisana noMthetho Wokulawulwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe kanye neMithethonqubo Yokulawulwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwamanye Amazwe Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabili. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuvunyelwe kuphela uma kulandelwa imithetho futhi kuvunyelwe.
Umthelela Ongaba Khona Emakethe Yasekhaya
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, ukuthunyelwa kwe-ammonium paratungstate (APT), i-tungsten trioxide, kanye ne-tungsten carbide kubalwa njengesabelo esiphawulekayo sokuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten iyonke:
- Ukuthunyelwa kwe-APT ngo-2023 nango-2024 kwakungamathani angaba ngu-803 kanye namathani angu-782, ngokulandelana, ngalinye libalelwa cishe ku-4% wengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten.
- Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-tungsten trioxide kwakungamathani angaba ngu-2,699 ngo-2023 kanye namathani angu-3,190 ngo-2024, okwanda kusuka ku-14% kuya ku-17% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
- Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-tungsten carbide kwakungamathani angaba ngu-4,433 ngo-2023 kanye namathani angu-4,147 ngo-2024, okugcina isabelo esingaba ngu-22%.
Ukuqaliswa kokulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten kuzokwenza lezi zinto zilawulwe ngokuqinile futhi zivunyelwe yizinqubo, okungase kuthinte imisebenzi yabanye abathumeli ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa isabelo esilinganiselwe salezi zinto ezilawulwayo ekuthunyelweni kwe-tungsten okuphelele, umthelela ophelele ekushintsheni kwesidingo sokuhlinzekwa kanye nentengo yemakethe ye-tungsten yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi ube mncane kakhulu. Le nqubomgomo ingakhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi agxile ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ukuze ahlangabezane kangcono nezidingo zemakethe yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasu E-Tungsten
Indawo yokuncibilika ephezulu yeTungsten, ubulukhuni, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ezimbonini zomhlaba wonke. Ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, i-tungsten ithuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, okusetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini nasekwakhiweni. Kuma-elekthronikhi, iyinto ebalulekile yezingxenye, izintambo zesekethe ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nezintambo zendabuko. Ezindiza, izinsimbi ze-tungsten zibalulekile kuma-blade enjini kanye nama-nozzle e-rocket, zisekela ukuhlola isikhala. Empini, izinsimbi ze-tungsten zibalulekile kuma-projectiles okubhoboza izikhali, izingxenye ze-missile, kanye nezikhali, okuthinta ngqo amakhono okuvikela kazwelonke. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-tungsten yasekhaya okuzinzile kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwezwe.
Imiphumela Yesikhathi Esifushane Neside
Esikhathini esifushane, ukulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuzonciphisa ukunikezwa kwe-tungsten yaseShayina ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, okungenzeka kuphazamise izilinganiso zokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nokufunwa kwesikhathi eside futhi kuqhubekisele phambili amanani e-tungsten yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yesidingo esiqinile esiqhubekayo. Esikhathini eside, lokhu kulawulwa kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, kukhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza kahle, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ithonya laseShayina embonini ye-tungsten.
Izibalo ze-Tungsten Zomhlaba Wonke
Ngokusho kwe-USGS, izindawo zokugcina i-tungsten emhlabeni wonke ngo-2023 zazicishe zibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.4, okwenyuke ngo-15.79% unyaka nonyaka, kanti iShayina ibalwa ngo-52.27% (amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.3). Ukukhiqizwa kwe-tungsten emhlabeni wonke kwakungamathani angu-78,000, kwehle ngo-2.26%, kanti iShayina inikele ngo-80.77% (amathani angu-63,000). Imininingwane yamasiko aseShayina ikhombisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-tungsten okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-ore e-tungsten, i-tungstic acid, i-tungsten trioxide, i-tungsten carbides, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-tungsten. Ngo-2024, iShayina yathumela ngaphandle amathani angu-782.41 e-APT (phansi ngo-2.53%, 4.06% wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), amathani angu-3,189.96 e-tungsten trioxide (akhuphuke ngo-18.19%, 16.55% wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), kanye namathani angu-4,146.76 e-tungsten carbide (phansi ngo-6.46%, 21.52% wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe).
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Xhumana nathi namuhla futhi uzojabulela izinzuzo zekhwalithi enhle kanye nezinsizakalo ezivela emikhiqizweni yethu!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-04-2025
