Woza uzofunda nge-HSS
I-High-speed steel (HSS) iyinsimbi yethuluzi enobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi yomoya noma insimbi ebukhali, okusho ukuthi iyaqina ngisho nalapho ipholile emoyeni ngesikhathi sokucisha futhi ibukhali. Ibizwa nangokuthi insimbi emhlophe.
Insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu iyinsimbi ehlanganisiwe enokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi okuqukethe izinto zokwakha i-carbide njenge-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-chromium, i-vanadium ne-cobalt. Inani eliphelele lezakhi ze-alloying lifinyelela cishe ku-10 kuya ku-25%. Ingakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu (cishe u-500℃) ekusikeni kwesivinini esikhulu, i-HRC ingaba ngaphezu kuka-60. Lesi isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-HSS - ubulukhuni obubomvu. Futhi insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon ngokucisha kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, ekamelweni lokushisa, nakuba kukhona ubulukhuni obukhulu kakhulu, kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-200 ℃, ubulukhuni buzokwehla kakhulu, ngo-500 ℃ ubulukhuni buye behla ngezinga elifanayo. isimo se-annealed, salahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla okusika insimbi, okukhawulela amathuluzi okusika insimbi ye-carbon tool. Futhi insimbi enesivinini esikhulu ngenxa yobulukhuni obuhle obubomvu, ukuze kulungiswe ukushiyeka okubulalayo kwensimbi yensimbi ye-carbon.
Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza amathuluzi okusika ensimbi aqinile anamaphethelo amancane futhi amelana nomthelela, kodwa futhi ukwenza ama-bearings anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nama-cold extrusion afayo, njengamathuluzi okujika, ama-drill, ama-hobs, ama-saha izindwani kanye nokufa okufunwayo.
Woza uzofunda ngensimbi ye-tungsten
Insimbi ye-Tungsten (i-carbide) inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla angcono nokuqina, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll. Ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka kuhlala kungashintshile ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingu-500 ℃, futhi usenokuqina okuphezulu ku-1000 ℃.
Insimbi ye-Tungsten, izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko okuyi-tungsten carbide ne-cobalt, yenza amaphesenti angu-99 azo zonke izingxenye kanye no-1% wezinye izinsimbi, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-tungsten steel, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cemented carbide, futhi ibhekwa njengamazinyo embonini yesimanje.
Insimbi ye-Tungsten iyinhlanganisela ehlanganisiwe equkethe okungenani ukwakheka kwensimbi okukodwa kwe-carbide. I-Tungsten carbide, i-cobalt carbide, i-niobium carbide, i-titanium carbide, ne-tantalum carbide yizingxenye ezivamile zensimbi ye-tungsten. Usayizi wokusanhlamvu wengxenye ye-carbide (noma isigaba) ngokuvamile usebangeni lama-microns angu-0.2-10, futhi izinhlamvu ze-carbide zihlanganiswa ndawonye kusetshenziswa isibopho sensimbi. Izinsimbi ezibophayo ngokuvamile ziyizinsimbi zeqembu lensimbi, ngokuvamile i-cobalt ne-nickel. Ngakho-ke kukhona ama-alloys e-tungsten-cobalt, ama-tungsten-nickel alloys nama-tungsten-titanium-cobalt alloys.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-tungsten sinter ukucindezela impushana ibe yi-billet, bese uyifake esithandweni somlilo ukuze uyishise ezingeni lokushisa elithile (izinga lokushisa le-sintering) bese uyigcina isikhathi esithile (isikhathi sokubamba), bese uyipholisa ukuze uthole insimbi ye-tungsten. impahla enezakhiwo ezidingekayo.
①I-tungsten ne-cobalt eyenziwe nge-carbide enosimende
Ingxenye eyinhloko i-tungsten carbide (WC) ne-binder cobalt (Co). Ibanga lakhiwe ngokuthi “YG” (“hard, cobalt” ngesi-Hanyu Pinyin) kanye nephesenti lokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt okumaphakathi. Isibonelo, i-YG8, okusho ukuthi i-WCo emaphakathi = 8% kanti enye i-tungsten carbide cemented carbide.
②I-tungsten, i-titanium ne-cobalt efakwe usimende carbide
Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide (TiC) ne-cobalt. Ibanga lakhiwe ngokuthi “YT” (“hard, titanium” ngesi-Hanyu Pinyin) kanye nesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-titanium carbide. Isibonelo, i-YT15, isho isilinganiso se-TiC=15%, okusele i-tungsten carbide nokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kwe-tungsten titanium cobalt carbide.
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) carbide
Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide, i-tantalum carbide (noma i-niobium carbide) ne-cobalt. Lolu hlobo lwe-carbide lubizwa nangokuthi i-general-purpose carbide noma i-universal carbide. Ibanga liqukethe okuthi “YW” (“kanzima” kanye “nesigidi” ngesi-Hanyu Pinyin) kanye nenombolo elandelanayo, njenge-YW1.
Insimbi ye-Tungsten inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla angcono nokuqina, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll. Ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka kuhlala kungashintshile ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingu-500 ℃, futhi kusenayo. ubulukhuni obuphezulu ku-1000 ℃. I-carbide enosimende isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengamathuluzi okuguqula, amathuluzi okugaya, ama-drill, amathuluzi ayisicefe, njll. Ijubane lokusika le-carbide entsha lilingana namakhulu ezikhathi ze-carbon steel.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-21-2023
