Umkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako

IUmkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako(isiShayina esenziwe lula: 端午节;isiShayina sendabuko: 端午節) yiholide lendabuko laseShayina eliba ngosuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga yesihlanu yenyangaIkhalenda lesiShayina, okuhambisana nokuphela kukaMeyi noma uJuni ngonyakaIkhalenda likaGregory.

Igama lesiNgisi leholide lithiUmkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako, esetshenziswa njengenguqulo esemthethweni yesiNgisi yaleli holide yi-People's Republic of China. Iphinde ibhekiselwe kuyo kweminye imithombo yesiNgisi ngokuthiUmkhosi Wesihlanu Ophindwe Kabiliokubhekisela osukwini njengasegameni lokuqala lesiShayina.

Amagama esiShayina ngesifunda

Duanwu(IsiShayina: 端午;i-pinyin:i-duānwǔ), njengoba umkhosi ubizwa kanjaloIsiShayina saseMandarin, ngokwezwi nezwi kusho “ihhashi lokuqala/lokuvula”, okungukuthi, “usuku lokuqala lwehhashi” (ngokusho kwe-Izinkanyezi zaseShayina/Ikhalenda lesiShayinauhlelo) ukuthi lwenzeke ngenyanga; nokho, naphezu kwencazelo engokoqobo yokuthiwǔ, “[usuku] lwehhashi emjikelezweni wesilwane”, lo mlingiswa uphinde wachazwa ngokushintshana ngokuthiwǔ(IsiShayina: 五;i-pinyin:wǔ) okusho ukuthi “ezinhlanu”. Ngakho-keDuanwu, “umkhosi ngosuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga yesihlanu”.

Igama lesi-Mandarin Chinese lomkhosi lithi “端午節” (isiShayina esenziwe lula: 端午节;isiShayina sendabuko: 端午節;i-pinyin:UDuānwǔjié;Wade–Giles:Tuan Wu chieh) kuIShayinafuthiI-Taiwan, kanye ne-“Tuen Ng Festival” yaseHong Kong, eMacao, eMalaysia naseSingapore.

Iphinyiswa ngezindlela ezahlukeneIzilimi zesiShayina. KuIsiCantonese, IkonaiRomanizednjengobaNgoLwesibili¹Ng⁵I-Jit³eHong Kong kanyeI-Tung¹Ng⁵I-Jit³eMacau. Ngakho-ke "iTuen Ng Festival" eHong KongTun Ng(Umkhosi we-Barco-DragãongesiPutukezi) eMacao.

Umsuka

Inyanga yesihlanu yenyanga ibhekwa njengenyanga engeyinhle. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi izinhlekelele zemvelo nezifo zivame ukuba khona ngenyanga yesihlanu. Ukuze baqede inhlekelele, abantu babebeka i-calamus, i-Artemisia, izimbali zepomegranate, i-ixora yaseShayina kanye negalikhi ngaphezu kweminyango ngosuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga yesihlanu.^{[kudingeka ingcaphuno]}Njengoba isimo se-calamus sakha njengenkemba futhi sinephunga elinamandla legalikhi, kukholelwa ukuthi zingasusa imimoya emibi.

Enye incazelo ngemvelaphi yoMkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako ivela ngaphambi koBukhosi bukaQin (221–206 BC). Inyanga yesihlanu yekhalenda yenyanga yayibhekwa njengenyanga embi kanti usuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga lwaluyisuku olubi. Kuthiwa izilwane ezinezinobuthi zazivela kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga yesihlanu, njengezinyoka, izinkumbi, nofezela; kuthiwa abantu bagula kalula ngemva kwalolu suku. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi soMkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako, abantu bazama ukugwema le nhlanhla embi. Isibonelo, abantu bangase banamathisele izithombe zezidalwa ezinhlanu ezinobuthi odongeni bese befaka izinaliti kuzo. Abantu bangase benze nezithombe ezisikiwe zezidalwa ezinhlanu bese bezisonga ezihlakaleni zezingane zabo. Imikhosi emikhulu kanye nemibukiso yasungulwa ngale mikhuba ezindaweni eziningi, okwenza uMkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako ube usuku lokuqeda izifo kanye nenhlanhla embi.

I-Qu Yuan

Indaba eyaziwa kakhulu eShayina yanamuhla ithi lo mkhosi ukhumbula ukufa kwembongi nomfundisiI-Qu Yuan(cishe ngo-340–278 BC) weisimo sasendulokweI-ChungesikhathiIsikhathi Sezizwe EzilwayokweUbukhosi bukaZhouIlungu le-cadet le-Indlu yasebukhosini yaseChu, UQu wakhonza ezikhundleni eziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, lapho umbusi enquma ukubambisana nombuso onamandla kakhulu wase-I-Qin, UQu waxoshwa ngenxa yokuphikisana nombimbi waze wasolwa nangokuvukela umbuso. Ngesikhathi edingisiwe, uQu Yuan wabhala okuningi kakhuluizinkondloEminyakeni engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili kamuva, uQin wathumbaI-Ying, inhloko-dolobha yaseChu. Ephelelwe yithemba, uQu Yuan wazibulala ngokuzicwilisa emanziniMiluo River.

Kuthiwa abantu bendawo, ababemhlonipha, bagijima ngezikebhe zabo ukuze bamsindise, noma okungenani balande isidumbu sakhe. Kuthiwa lokhu kwakuyisiqalo salokhu.imijaho yezikebhe zikadrakoLapho isidumbu sakhe singatholakali, baphonsa amabholairayisi elinamathelayoemfuleni ukuze izinhlanzi zizidle esikhundleni somzimba kaQu Yuan. Kuthiwa lokhu kuyimsukau-zongzi.

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, uQu Yuan waqala ukuphathwa ngendlela yobuzwe “njengembongi yokuqala yaseShayina ethanda izwe”. Umbono wemibono kaQu yezenhlalo kanye nobuzwe obungenakuguqulwa waba semthethweni ngaphansi kweRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina ngemuva kuka-1949.Ukunqoba kwamaKhomanisi eMpini Yombango yaseShayina.

Wu Zixu

Naphezu kokuthandwa kwanamuhla kwenkolelo-mbono yemvelaphi yeQu Yuan, endaweni yangaphambili yeUmbuso waseWu, umkhosi ogujwayoWu Zixu(washona ngo-484 BC), uNdunankulu waseWu.Xi Shi, owesifazane omuhle othunyelwe yiNkosiIsi-Goujiankweisimo saseYue, wayethandwa kakhulu yiNkosiI-FuchaikaWu. UWu Zixu, ebona icebo likaGoujian eliyingozi, waxwayisa uFuchai, owathukuthela ngalokhu kuphawula. UWu Zixu waphoqeleka ukuzibulala nguFuchai, isidumbu sakhe saphonswa emfuleni ngosuku lwesihlanu lwenyanga yesihlanu. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ezindaweni ezifanaSuzhou, uWu Zixu ukhunjulwa ngesikhathi soMkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako.

Ezintathu zemisebenzi ebanzi kakhulu eyenziwa ngesikhathi seDragon Boat Festival ukudla (nokulungiselela)u-zongzi, ukuphuzaiwayini le-realgarkanye nomjahoizikebhe zikadrako.

Umjaho wesikebhe sikadrako

Umjaho wezikebhe zamadrako unomlando ocebile wamasiko asendulo emikhosi namasiko, aqala eningizimu yeShayina ephakathi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2500 eyedlule. Inganekwane iqala ngendaba kaQu Yuan, owayengungqongqoshe komunye wohulumeni bezifundazwe ezilwayo, uChu. Wanyundelwa yizikhulu zikahulumeni ezinomona futhi waxoshwa yinkosi. Ngenxa yokudumala ngenkosi yamaChu, wazicwilisa eMfuleni iMiluo. Abantu abavamile bagijimela emanzini bazama ukuthola isidumbu sakhe. Ekukhumbuleni uQu Yuan, abantu baba nemijaho yezikebhe zamadrako minyaka yonke ngosuku lokufa kwakhe ngokusho kwenganekwane. Baphinde basakaza irayisi emanzini ukuze bondle izinhlanzi, ukuze bazivimbe ekudleni isidumbu sikaQu Yuan, okungenye yemvelaphi yaso.u-zongzi.

I-Zongzi (i-dumpling yerayisi yendabuko yaseShayina)

Ingxenye ephawulekayo yokugubha uMkhosi Wezikebhe Ze-Dragon ukwenza nokudla i-zongzi namalungu omndeni nabangane. Abantu bavame ukugoqa i-zongzi ngamaqabunga omhlanga, uqalo, okwenza isimo sephiramidi. Amaqabunga anikeza nephunga elikhethekile kanye nokunambitheka elayisini elinamathelayo kanye nokugcwalisa. Ukukhetha kokugcwalisa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezifunda. Izifunda zasenyakatho eShayina zithanda i-zongzi emnandi noma enesitayela se-dessert, ene-bean paste, i-jujube, kanye namantongomane njengokugcwalisa. Izifunda zaseningizimu eShayina zithanda i-zongzi emnandi, enezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcwalisa okuhlanganisa isisu sengulube esifakwe emanzini, isoseji, namaqanda edada anosawoti.

UZongzi wavela ngaphambi kweNtwasahlobo kanye neNkathi yasekwindla futhi ekuqaleni wayesetshenziselwa ukukhulekela okhokho nonkulunkulu; eZweni likaJin, uZongzi waba ukudla kwemikhosi yoMkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako. EZweni likaJin, amadombolo aqokwa ngokusemthethweni njengokudla koMkhosi Wezikebhe Zedrako. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kwelayisi elimnandi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza i-zongzi nazo zengezwa ngemithi yaseShayina i-Yizhiren. I-zongzi ephekiwe ibizwa ngokuthi “yizhi zong”.

Isizathu sokuthi amaShayina adle i-zongzi ngalolu suku olukhethekile sinezitatimende eziningi. Inguqulo yendabuko ukubamba umkhosi wesikhumbuzo se-Quyuan. Nakuba empeleni, i-Zongzi ibilokhu ibhekwa njengomnikelo wokhokho ngisho nangaphambi kwenkathi ye-Chunqiu. Kusukela ebukhosini bukaJin, i-Zongzi yaba ukudla komkhosi ngokusemthethweni futhi yahlala isikhathi eside kuze kube manje.

Izinsuku zesikebhe seDragon kusukela mhla zi-3 kuya ku-5 kuJuni 2022. I-HUAXIN CARBIDE ifisela wonke umuntu amaholide amahle!