Umthetho we-Inflation Reculiction Act (IRA), ungene ngemvume emthethweni nguMongameli JOE BIDEN ngo-Agasti 15, uqukethe ngaphezu kwama- $ 369 billion ngokuhlose ukuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Ubuningi bephakethe lesimo sezulu buyisaphulelo sentela sikahulumeni esifinyelela ku- $ 7 500 ekuthengweni kwezimoto ezahlukahlukene zikagesi, kufaka phakathi ezisetshenzisiwe ezenziwe eNyakatho Melika.
Umehluko osemqoka kusuka kuzinkuthazo ezedlule ze-EV ngukuthi ukuze ufanelekele isikweletu sentela, i-EVS yesikhathi esizayo ngeke ahlangane kuphela eNyakatho Melika, kodwa futhi futhi yenziwe ngamabhethri akhiqizwa ngaphambi noma emazweni okuhweba mahhala. Izivumelwano nathi ezinjengeCanada neMexico. Umthetho omusha wenzelwe ukukhuthaza abenzi bakagesi bezimoto ukuthi bashintshe amaketanga abo okuthola ukuthuthuka emazweni asathuthuka aye e-US, kodwa abangenayo imboni bazibuza ukuthi ngabe ushintsho luzokwenzeka, noma linethemba lokuphatha, noma cha.
I-IRA ibeka imingcele ezicini ezimbili zamabhethri ezimoto kagesi: izingxenye zazo, njengezinto zokwakha zebhethri nezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode, futhi amaminerali asetshenziselwa ukwenza lezo zingxenye.
Kuqala ngonyaka olandelayo, i-EVS efanelekile izodinga okungenani ingxenye yengxenye yabo yebhethri ukuze yenziwe eNyakatho Melika, inama-40% wezinto zokusetshenziswa kwebhethri ezivela e-US noma abalingani bayo bokuhweba. Ngo-2028, amaphesenti amancane adingekayo azokhuphuka unyaka nonyaka kuya kuma-80% wezinto zokusetshenziswa kwebhethri kanye ne-100% yezakhi.
Abanye abasebenza ngezimoto, kufaka phakathi ama-tesla nama-general motors, sebeqalile ukuthuthukisa amabhethri abo emafektri ase-US naseCanada. Isibonelo, uTesla, wenza uhlobo olusha lwebhethri esitshalweni salo seNevada okuthiwa lube yibanga elide kunalawo angeniswe eJapan. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuthe mpo kungasiza abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi badlule ukuhlolwa kwebhethri kwe-IRA. Kepha inkinga yangempela yilapho inkampani ithola khona izinto ezingavuthiwe zamabhethri.
Amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ajwayele ukwenziwa kusuka ku-nickel, eCobalt naseManganese (izici ezintathu eziphambili ze-cathode), i-graphite (anode), i-lithium nethusi. Yaziwa ngokuthi "yiBig Desig" embonini yebhethri, ukucubungula izimayini kanye nokucutshungulwa kwalawa maminerali kulawulwa kakhulu yiChina, abaphathi beBiden bachaze njenge "Ibhizinisi Lamanye Amazwe Okukhathazayo." Noma iyiphi imoto kagesi eyenziwe ngemuva kwe-2025 equkethe izinto ezivela eChina izokhishwa kwisikweletu sentela yenhlangano, ngokusho kwe-IRA. Umthetho uhlu lokuthola amaminerali ebhethri angaphezu kwama-30 ahlangabezana nezidingo zamaphesenti okukhiqiza.
Izinkampani eziphethwe nguhulumeni zaseChina zingezaba ngamaphesenti angama-80 emisebenzi ye-cobalt yezwe ye-cobalt yezwe kanye namaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 oManganese kanye nama-graphite Revideries. "Uma uthenga amabhethri avela ezinkampanini eJapan naseSouth Korea, njengoba kwenza ama-automoker amaningi, kukhona ithuba elihle amabhethri akho aqukethe izinto zebhethri e-Electra, inkampani yaseCanada ethengisa izinto zomhlaba wonke zeCobalt. Umenzi wezimoto kagesi.
"Abathengisi bangafuna ukwenza izimoto eziningi zikagesi zifanelekele isikweletu sentela. Kepha bazotholaphi abahlinzeki bebhethri abaqeqeshiwe manje, abathengisi abanakho ukukhetha," kusho u-Lewis Black, CEO we-Almonty Industry. Le nkampani ingenye yabahlinzeki abaningana ngaphandle kwaseChina waseChina, elinye amaminerali elisetshenziswe kuma-anode kanye nama-cathode amabhethri athile ezimoto kagesi ngaphandle kweChina, kusho inkampani. (I-China ilawula ngaphezulu kwama-80% wokuhlinzekwa kwe-tungsten emhlabeni). Izimayini nezinqubo ze-Almonty eSpain, ePortugal naseNingizimu Korea.
Ukubusa kweChina ngezinto zokwenziwa kwebhethri kungumphumela wamashumi eminyaka wenqubomgomo kahulumeni onolaka kanye nokutshalwa kwemali - ukungabaza okumnyama kungaphindwa kalula emazweni asentshonalanga.
"Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, iChina ithuthukise i-battery esetshenziswayo yebhethri eluhlaza okotshani," kusho umnyama. "Emsoshelweni waseNtshonalanga, ukuvula indawo yokuhlanza izimayini noma amafutha kungathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu."
I-Mell of Electra yebhethri ye-Electra ithe inkampani yakhe, eyayaziwa njengeCobalt kuqala, ingumkhiqizi kuphela ongumkhiqizi waseCobalt wamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Le nkampani ithola i-Crude Cobalt evela eMayini ye-Idaho futhi yakha indawo yokuhlanza e-Ontario, eCanada, okulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka-2023. Electra ukwakha umthombo wesibili waseCanada esifundazweni saseQuebec.
"INyakatho Melika ayinawo amandla okuvuselela kabusha izinto zebhethri. Kepha ngikholwa ukuthi lo mthethosivivinywa uzokhuphula umjikelezo omusha wokutshala imali kubhethri lokuhlinzekwa kwebhethri," kusho uMeyer.
Siyaqonda ukuthi uthanda ukuphatha isipiliyoni sakho se-Intanethi. Kepha imali yokukhangisa isiza ukusekela ubuntatheli bethu. Ukuze ufunde izindaba zethu ezigcwele, sicela ukhubaze i-ad blocker yakho. Noma yiluphi usizo luzokwaziswa kakhulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-31-2022
